It is updated continuously by its current Editor, Doug Mc. Vay. In all cases the source is cited so that journalists, scholars and students can verify, check context and obtain additional information. We believe that in time an informed society will correct its errors and generate wiser policies. Its directors are Kevin B. Zeese, President; Ernest Drucker, Ph. D., Chair; Robert E. Field, Co- Chair; Melvin R. Allen, JD; David Borden; Bal. Questions, comments or suggestions for additions and modifications are most welcome and may be addressed to Doug Mc. Vay at dmcvay@drugwarfacts. Biliary Obstruction: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Center SA. Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. Marrelli D, Caruso S, Pedrazzani C, et al. CA1. 9- 9 serum levels in obstructive jaundice: clinical value in benign and malignant conditions. Bektas M, Dokmeci A, Cinar K, et al. Endoscopic management of biliary parasitic diseases. Diagnosis and management of acute cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. Chu YC, Yang CC, Yeh YH, Chen CH, Yueh SK. Double- balloon enteroscopy application in biliary tract disease- its therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Aabakken L, Bretthauer M, Line PD. Double- balloon enteroscopy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with a Roux- en- Y anastomosis. Nanashima A, Abo T, Sakamoto I, et al. Three- dimensional cholangiography applying C- arm computed tomography in bile duct carcinoma: a new radiological technique. Hepatogastroenterology. Niu H, Gao W, Cheng J, Liu B, Li Y, Huang K, et al. Improvement of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Internal- External Drainage and its Initial Experience in Patients with Malignant Obstruction of the Upper Biliary Tree. Hepatogastroenterology. Hanada K, Iiboshi T, Ishii Y. Endoscopic ultrasound- guided choledochoduodenostomy for palliative biliary drainage in cases with inoperable pancreas head carcinoma. Maranki J, Hernandez AJ, Arslan B, et al. Interventional endoscopic ultrasound- guided cholangiography: long- term experience of an emerging alternative to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. ![]() ![]() Dhir V, Itoi T, Khashab MA, et al. Multicenter comparative evaluation of endoscopic placement of expandable metal stents for malignant distal common bile duct obstruction by ERCP or EUS- guided approach. Mutignani M, Iacopini F, Perri V, et al. Endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: technical and clinical results. The safety and efficacy of nasobiliary drainage versus biliary stenting in malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Self- expandable metal stents in malignant biliary obstruction. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. Gwon DI, Ko GY, Sung KB, Yoon HK, Shin JH, Kim JH, et al. A novel double stent system for palliative treatment of malignant extrahepatic biliary obstructions: a pilot study. Nakai Y, Isayama H, Yamamoto N, et al. Indications for endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)- guided biliary intervention: Does EUS always come after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography? Adamek HE, Albert J, Weitz M. A prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with suspected bile duct obstruction. The main symptom of sudden (acute) pancreatitis is sudden moderate to severe pain in the upper area of the belly. Sometimes the pain is mild. But the pain may feel. ![]() Ahmed A, Cheung RC, Keeffe EB. Management of gallstones and their complications. American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Technology status evaluation: magnetic resonance pancreatography. American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guidelines. ![]() Oak Brook, Ill: ASGE; 1. Sclerosing cholangitis and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Hepatic and biliary disorders. Beers MH, Berkow R, eds. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 1. Bilhartz MH, Horton JD. ![]() Gallstone disease and its complications. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Cancado EL, Leitao RM, Carrilho FJ, Laudanna AA. Unexpected clinical remission of cholestasis after rifampicin therapy in patients with normal or slightly increased levels of gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase. ![]() Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Erickson RA, Garza AA. EUS with EUS- guided fine- needle aspiration as the first endoscopic test for the evaluation of obstructive jaundice. The liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Tiernery LM, Mc. Phee SJ, Papadakis MA, eds. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. New York: Mc. Graw- Hill; 2. Fukuda Y, Tsuyuguchi T, Sakai Y. Diagnostic utility of peroral cholangioscopy for various bile- duct lesions. Hanau LH, Steigbigel NH. Acute (ascending) cholangitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. Kaplan LM, Isselbacher KJ. Fauci AS, Longo DL, Kasper DL, Martin JB, Hauser SL, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, eds. ![]() Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: Mc. Graw- Hill; 1. Laboratory assessment of renal disease: clearance, urinalysis, and renal biopsy. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Tuberculosis of the bile duct: a rare cause of obstructive jaundice. Drug- induced liver disease. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Lopera JE, Soto JA, Munera F. Malignant hilar and perihilar biliary obstruction: use of MR cholangiography to define the extent of biliary ductal involvement and plan percutaneous interventions. Luketic VA, Shiffman ML. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Anesthesia and the hepatobiliary system. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2. In: Mosby's Drug Consult 2. ![]() The Whipple operation was first described in the 1930’s by Allan Whipple. In the 1960’s and 1970’s the mortality rate for the Whipple. Egg which is one of the most likable food items of majority of people will now shed pounds from your body and bring you in slender shape. Egg diet being a fad diet. BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, with both inflammation and oxidative stress. MSN Health and Fitness has fitness, nutrition and medical information for men and women that will help you get active, eat right and improve your overall wellbeing. Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt Health Sciences; 2. Ostroff JW, La. Berge JM. Endoscopic and radiologic treatment of biliary disease. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Nonsurgical management of gallstone disease. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Liver and biliary tract tests. Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Louis, Mo: Mosby- Year Book; 1. Rossi RL, Traverso LW, Pimentel F. Malignant obstructive jaundice. Evaluation and management. Scheiman JM, Carlos RC, Barnett JL, et al. Can endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography replace ERCP in patients with suspected biliary disease? A prospective trial and cost analysis. Shaker R, Dua KS, Koch TR. Gastroenterologic disorders. Practice of Geriatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1. Shim CS, Cheon YK, Cha SW. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Vlahcevic ZR, Heuman DM. Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2. Yeh TS, Chen NH, Jan YY, et al. Obstructive jaundice caused by biliary tuberculosis: spectrum of the diagnosis and management. Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH. Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings. Tang Z, Igbinomwanhia E, Elhanafi S, Othman MO. Endoscopic ultrasound guided rendezvous drainage of biliary obstruction using a new flexible 1.
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